What Is a Go-Around and Why It Happens in Aviation

A go-around is an essential procedure in aviation where a pilot decides or is instructed to abort a landing and climb back into the air for another attempt. While some passengers may find it surprising, a go-around is a routine and well-practiced safety measure used worldwide. It ensures that aircraft only land when conditions are optimal, reducing the risk of accidents caused by unstable approaches, weather issues, or runway obstructions.

Why Do Go-Arounds Happen?

Several factors can lead to a go-around, including:

• Unstable Approach – If an aircraft is approaching too high, too fast, or not properly aligned with the runway, a go-around is the safest option. Attempting to land under these conditions could result in excessive stress on the aircraft, difficulty in stopping on the available runway length, or even a runway excursion. Pilots are trained to recognize the signs of an unstable approach and make an immediate decision to initiate a go-around rather than risk an unsafe landing..

• Weather Conditions – Adverse weather, including strong crosswinds, sudden wind shear, poor visibility due to fog or heavy rain, or thunderstorms near the airport, can make landing dangerous. Pilots must assess whether the weather conditions allow for a safe landing or if they need to delay touchdown by executing a go-around. Aviation safety protocols emphasize that no approach should be continued if there is any doubt about its safety.

• Obstruction on the Runway – If another aircraft, ground vehicle, or unexpected object is present on the runway, the landing must be aborted. This ensures that pilots only touch down when the runway is clear and safe for arrival.

• ATC Instructions – Air traffic control (ATC) may direct a go-around if necessary to manage airport traffic or ensure safe separation between aircraft. At busy airports like New York’s JFK or London Heathrow, go-arounds happen frequently due to congestion.

How Does a Go-Around Work?

Executing a go-around follows a structured process:

1. Apply Full Power – The pilot increases engine thrust to regain altitude and prevent losing lift.

2. Establish Climb – The aircraft’s nose is raised to a safe climb attitude maintaining safe separation from terrain and other aircraft.

3. Retract Landing Gear – Once a positive rate of climb is confirmed, the landing gear is stowed to reduce drag.

4. Adjust Flaps as Needed – Flaps are retracted in stages to optimize climb performance without compromising stability.

5. Follow ATC Instructions – The pilot follows ATC guidance, which may involve holding patterns, returning for another approach, or diverting to another airport.

ATC-Directed Go-Arounds

Air traffic controllers are responsible for ensuring safe spacing between aircraft, both in the air and on the ground. If a potential conflict is detected, they may instruct a pilot to initiate a go-around. Pilots are expected to comply unless they face an immediate safety concern. Ignoring an ATC-directed go-around could lead to regulatory action, as adherence to ATC instructions is a fundamental principle of aviation safety and airspace management.

Are Go-Arounds Dangerous?

Not at all! Go-arounds are a routine part of aviation safety. Every pilot undergoes extensive training to execute them correctly. In fact, forcing a landing when conditions are not ideal is far riskier than performing a go-around. The maneuver is designed to provide a safe alternative rather than risking an unstable or dangerous landing.

Common Myths About Go-Arounds

• “A go-around means something went wrong.” – No, it’s a proactive safety measure, not a sign of failure.

• “Go-arounds are rare.” – They happen daily around the world and are a normal part of flight operations.

• “Go-arounds waste fuel and time.” – While they do consume additional fuel, safety is always the priority. A delayed but safe landing is better than a rushed and risky one.

• “Passengers should be worried if a go-around happens.” – Not at all! Pilots are trained to handle go-arounds smoothly, ensuring a safe landing on the next attempt.

A go-around is a key safety maneuver that ensures landings occur only under the safest conditions. Whether due to an unstable approach, weather, traffic congestion, or ATC directives, go-arounds are an essential part of aviation safety. The next time you experience one, rest assured that your pilots are making the safest decision for everyone on board.